It takes courage to read books like this, books that crash through our common assumptions about the world and allow us to see society from a critical perspective. It takes courage because sometimes these books reveal the ugly side of the world. The side that you don't want to see and that, once seen, can't be unseen.At 25 years old, "In the Absence of the Sacred" is more relevant than ever. Mander speaks for peace, justice, nature, love, health, the long-term survival of humanity, and a critical deliberation of values, all of which have been silenced in the name of profit and technological progress.TWO BOOKS IN ONEMander was originally writing two separate books--one, a critique of our unquestioned acceptance of technology and progress, and a second on the destruction of native values. Ultimately he realized that these two issues were connected. He saw a clash of values, where one way of life was being systematically destroyed in favor of another. And that maybe the way of life that's winning, through force, isn't the better way. I wish these two critiques were more seamlessly integrated, and that the transition between the two parts of the book was smoother and better rationalized. But while this would have improved the reading experience, the value of the criticism is the same.DELIBERATION OF TECHMander’s call for the careful deliberation of how technology will be applied in society and a thorough examination of its potential consequences, particularly on a holistic level (not just how it will improve the end user's lifestyle), is important. Toffler recommended something similar in "Future Shock." It would be wonderful to deliberate over and regulate emerging tech. Can it be done? Can we ever put the genie back in the bottle? Will humans ever be mature enough to have power but not use it, or to carefully control how we use it? Certainly not in a society of late-stage capitalism where regulation is out the window and profit-driven corporations run the show. Mander’s notion that our inability to critically evaluate technology in the best interests of the people and the planet may be our ultimate downfall is powerful and disquieting.BLANKET CONDEMNATIONSMander condemns certain technologies categorically. I don't think this is fair. Just because they aren't being used responsibly now, like television, doesn't mean they couldn't ever be. For example, Mander wholly rejects space as a noble destination for humanity. I disagree. I think it would be an outstanding achievement for humanity to be born from the earth and to move into the stars and to explore the vast unknown abyss. Mander bundles space with everything that's bad in the technological narrative, and I don't think this has to be the case. I think we could live in a sustainable, just society, and explore space, too.Earth is our home, but it won't be around forever. There are many natural existential risks all around us—super volcanos, asteroids, climate change (this happens naturally, too), pandemics--I'd like to see humanity grow up and take control of our own destiny. I'd like to see us transcend our total vulnerability to the earth's capriciousness. Just as civilization deserves a hefty helping of criticism, it's important not to swing too far to the other side of the pendulum and idealize nature as a loving mother. Nature doesn't love us and it will wipe us out if we overstay our welcome.RESTLESS READING ABOUT THE NATIVESThe section on native Americans is tragic, yet it is also one of the most boring parts of the book. It devolves into journalistic reporting of Mander's personal adventures with native peoples and plods on with a slow, dry historical recapitulation of how the natives lost their world. Most of us have heard this story before. We know how awful it was and another long, boring account of the atrocities isn't necessarily helpful.GLOBALIZATIONBeyond his writing on Native Americans, however, Mander goes into the organized, systematic, global attack on native people, and I found this shocking and riveting. Industrial civilization is a bona fide monster. It doesn't care about the earth or the indigenous populations of the world. It steals and murders and wrecks the land, and it leaves entire nations leveled, violated, poor, and powerless.Mander gets the reader up to speed on the atrocities of economic globalization. Reading this section, you come to realize that these attacks on native populations are not sporadic. They are a coordinated effort on the part of the western market economy to take by force resources, nature, and the lifeblood of the native people, moving them around like cattle, leaving them to die after laying waste to their societies, or just slaughtering them en masse. It's brutality on a grand scale, mechanized savagery, a side of life you'll never see on corporate TV. The monster of globalization devours everything in its path.LORD OF THE FLIESIn the light of this monstrous force of globalization, you wonder: is technology the real villain? Or is it something more sinister? An ideology of savagery. A brutal disregard for human life and the living systems of the planet. A ravenous ego that serves only itself. Technology, I suggest, is only instrumental in a positivist, mechanistic, materialist paradigm that desiccates the human spirit. The title of the book is "Absence of the Sacred," yet ironically Mander never gets around to defining the sacred and describing why it's valuable. He never discusses Weber's idea of disenchantment, for example, which one would expect to be featured here.In sum, this is a provocative book that pulls back the curtain on a great deal of injustice, inhumanity, and thoughtless action in the name of progress. I’m not certain that it always gets directly at the root of the problem, but it makes you doubt the fundamental values of modern society and leaves you with a strong conviction that, whatever the right track may be, we’re not on it.